San Francisco, once considered one of the strongest commercial real estate markets in the country, had one of the largest increases in overall CMBS default rates in the second quarter of 2009, up 444 basis points to 5.15% (and yes, this was even worse than Miami). Detroit was still the worst performing market, with an overall CMBS default rate of 5.62%, up 562 basis points from Q1. However, San Francisco’s multi-family sector now has a CMBS default rate of 21.7%, which is almost double the 12.93% multi-family delinquency rate in Detroit.

The amazingly high default rate in multi-family is being driven by one just one buyer and a lot of brokers in nice suits. Well known for not only paying top dollar (over 20 times gross rents) but also for pursuing, shall we say, aggressive retenanting programs, this buyer actually pocketed 75% of all San Francisco apartment properties that traded in 2007. And who is surprised? At 20 times gross rent, anybody who wasn’t selling was living under a rock. About $1.2 billion was “invested” from 2003 through early 2008, financed primarily with two year, interest-only, cross collateralized debt complete with personal guarantees who’s your daddy now?

The answer is UBS, which has already taken back about 1,500 units, and CIM, which bought the senior debt on 24 properties from Credit Suisse. This is only the tip of the iceberg though, and so far only about 700 units have actually been sold to new buyers. San Francisco apartment brokers, who were only too happy to cheer 20 GRMs on the way up, are now complaining publicly about comps that are “artificially low”. Predictably, the view on that side of the fence is not that this guy overpaid, but that he simply over-levered! That aside, I’ll give you one guess where prices in San Francisco are heading:

Despite the mess in San Francisco now, the S&P/Case-Shiller Index for Bay Area multi-family prices shows a 10.83 percent growth rate from the year of its inception (1995) through 2002. Growth in prices was strongly influenced by the Bay Area’s healthy population growth, and as a result growth in Bay Area multi-family prices far outstripped the S&P/Case-Shiller Index for the top 10 metropolitan areas over the same period.

Unlike some cities in the Lone Star state, for example, where increased supply typically rises to the occasion, Bay Area multi-family prices have been influenced by a fundamental supply and demand imbalance even before the credit/real estate hysteria of 2003 through 2006. Between 1987 and 2002, the Bay Area population increased by 18 percent. The growth was fairly evenly spread over nine Bay Area counties, with Solano County having a growth rate of 28 percent, which was the highest growth rate in the area. The largest population growth in terms of total residents occurred in Santa Clara County, which added 301,000 people, followed by Alameda County and Contra Costa County, both of which added approximately 250,000 people. Combine that with natural and political barriers to unfettered new development, and Northern California doesn’t look so awful even in you’re a Bears fan.

Granted, the current San Francisco foreclosure saga is far more interesting than plodding through Bay Area demographic statistics. But when all those “artificially low” comps get set, is there any place you’d rather be with your money?

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If you are investing in REITs right now, life is good. The US MSCI REIT index has doubled since hitting its lows in March, and in the second quarter Mid America (MAA) generated $.05/share in earnings from the sale of just one asset, a 36 year old, 96 unit apartment building in Grenada, Mississipi. Indeed, gambling on a little property in Grenada, Mississipi looks like a much safer bet right now than rolling the dice in Las Vegas, the gambling capital of the world.

Las Vegas is so volatile that 2009 transaction volume has dropped almost to zero, and prices prices appear to have declined by at least 60% from the peak. However, with virtually no sales taking place, it’s hard to know what the market is. Amazingly, sales by dollar volume in Las Vegas have plunged by 99%, from almost $2.5 billion in 2005 to just $25 million for all of 2009:

The buyer, a San Diego socialite, was somehow convinced to pay a 5.5% cap rate on trailing-three-month NOI and a 6.1% cap on a trailing 12-month NOI. Even more incredibly, because the property was only 65% occupied by the time the sale closed, no lender would touch it, and the purchase had to be an all-cash deal. Can you say no competition?

Given the crummy fundamentals in Las Vegas, this sale is yet more evidence that the distress in commercial real estate may be cushioned by patient capital much more so than some currently expect.

Apartment values in New York City have declined at least as much as in Las Vegas. As I wrote earlier this year, the yawning gap between cap rates and GRMs means that New York City apartment values are heading in but one direction: Staten Island.

The Riverton, a massive 1232 unit behemoth of bricks that was purchased in 2006 for $340 million, is a great example. The buyers purchased the property using a first mortgage with day one debt coverage of .39x, which meant that the loan had absolutely no hope of being paid through existing cash flow.

Of course, the CMBS loan promptly became delinquent and the property is now in the hands of its special servicer, appraised at $108 million barely three years after Deutsche Bank wrote a check for its $225 million first mortgage. And the REIT goes on!

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If you need a complete list of all REIT ETFs, here it is. REIT ETF prices and yields update daily, and the list includes expense ratios. Links to the latest news for each ETF can be found in the right-hand column.

This REIT ETF directory is also a good place to start if you want to short commercial real estate. Be cautious shorting these ETFs however, as commercial real estate is notoriously cyclical. Since hitting their lows in March of 2009, many of these ETFs experienced strong positive returns for the year, while SRS was down 90%.

For risk-tolerant investors, Direxion recently launched a brand new pair of REIT ETFs, DRN and DRV, which provide broad, leveraged exposure to the MSCI U.S. REIT Index. DRN will seek to provide 300% long exposure to the index, while DRV will provide 3x inverse (short) exposure to the same index. Each comes complete with an expense ratio of 0.95%.

Note that exposure to specific property types can be obtained through FIO (Industrial/Office REITs), REM (Mortgage REITs) REZ (Residential REITs) and RTL (Retail REITs):

Note: I have not included (DRW), (IYR), (SRS), (URE), or (WPS) in this list, as neither is technically a REIT ETF. These ETFs cast a slightly wider net and include real estate services firms and real estate operating companies that are not organized as REITs.

Two other interesting tools to make the housing/real estate play began trading in mid-2009: The MacroShares Major Metro Housing Down ETF (NYSEArca: DMM); with 1.25% annual fees, and The MacroShares Major Metro Housing Up ETF (NYSEArca: UMM); also with 1.25% annual fees.

Investors should be also aware of the PowerShares Dynamic Building & Construction Portfolio ETF (AMEX: PKB), which contains mostly firms serving the housing industry. No actual builders are included.

One caveat: REIT ETFs don’t necessarily have the same tax efficiency benefit as other ETFs. The reason is that the underlying REITs pay out capital gains distributions which then must flow through to the ETF investor. For that reason, check into when the capital gains get distributed and check with your tax advisor before investing. If you’d rather not play an index, you can buy individual REITs focused on specific property sectors:

Click here for a list of Apartment REITs
Click here for a list of Healthcare REITs
Click here for a list of Hotel REITs
Click here for a list of Industrial REITs
Click here for a list of Mortgage REITs
Click here for a list of Non-Traded REITs
Click here for a list of Office REITs
Click here for a list of Retail REITs
Click here for a list of Storage REITs
Click here for a list of all REITs
Click here for a list of REIT Funds

Disclosures: None at the time of publication
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